Mechatronic Device for Accurate Characterization of Knee Flexion Based on Pivot Point

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a mechatronic device capable of characterizing the kinematics of the knee joint, based on the acquisition and analysis of data focused on the knee joint point. Methods: A mechatronic device was designed using dimensional data from a participant’s lower limb (1.59 m, 57 kg), obtained through 3D scanning. The device, based on a proportional mechanism aligned with anatomical reference points, allows the evolution of the knee joint pivot point (PPKJ) to be recorded. Ten healthy subjects (aged 22–26 years, height 1.50–1.63 m, body mass 48–59 kg) were selected for testing. The device was placed on each knee to record joint trajectories during squats. The trajectories were classified into two groups: extension to flexion and flexion to extension. For each group, the average trajectory was calculated. Results: Forty PPKJ trajectories were obtained, divided into two sets: extension to flexion with a range of 8◦ to 51.3◦ and flexion to extension with a range of 6.7◦ to 56.83◦, which allowed the mean trajectory and cubic polynomial regression to be calculated as the best approximation for characterizing the trajectory of the instantaneous center of rotation of the knee joint. Conclusions: The developed mechatronic device offers an accessible and non-invasive solution for recording the trajectory of the knee joint pivot point in individuals with characteristics like those in the study. This alternative approach could improve the representation of knee kinematics in the design of customized prostheses, exoskeletons, and rehabilitation devices for lower limbs.